Businesses often invest substantial sums in training. These days, though, they tend not to pursue employees who leave. That wasn't always the case, as this advertisement from the Aberdeen Journal of 26 May 1800 shows: AN APPRENTICE ELOPED, and a REWARD OFFERED for APPREHENDING HIM It's worth remembering this if you find an ancestor who was an apprentice - they would generally have been taken on through an indenture, which put significant obligations on the apprentices. Their employers weren't known as masters for nothing ...
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Two days ago, I wrote about death (in the guise of mortcloths), and yesterday's blog was about newspapers. So I thought I'd continue with a morbid approach to blogging by writing about obituaries. Obituaries have a long tradition, and most newspapers have at the very least carried what is often jocularly referred to as Hatches, matches and dispatches (Births, marriages and deaths).
In historic Scottish newspapers, these notices are usually fairly brief, and generally only mention the great and the good - either national figures, or prominent local figures. Ordinary people usually didn't get a look in. One instance in which ordinary people would be mentioned was if they lived to a ripe old age. Even today, centenarians are relatively uncommon, but in the 19th century, they were sufficiently rare as to be reported in newspapers often far removed from where they lived. Our first centenarian is Isobel Taylor or Alice/Ellis, whose death was reported in 1818: Died in Old Assembly Close on 23d ult, Mrs Isobel Taylor, aged 105. She was born in the parish of Crieff, county of Perth, on the 4th of March 1713, in the reign of Queen Anne. Her memory remained nearly unimpaired, and she would converse on the events of 100 years since, with surprising correctness. Her hearing and sight were good to the last day of her life, and her recollection continued till within an hour of her death.
Old Widow Ellis was a well-known figure in Edinburgh, sufficiently so that the celebrated caricaturist John Kay (about whom we've written before) produced a caricature of her:
Old Widow Ellis
Our next centenarian, Thomas Adamson, was a weaver from Pittenweem. Unsurprisingly, his death was reported in the Fife newspapers:
Pittenweem. Longevity. Thomas Adamson, weaver in Pittenweem, died on Saturday week at the advanced age of one hundred years, five months, and two days; having been born on the 1st of May 1746. Throughout the whole course of his lengthened pilgrimage, Thomas was never peculiarly distinguished as an instrument by whom the simple denizens of earth were excited to wonder or admiration. In the literary world, he was only characterised by the “noiseless tenor of his way”. In the commercial world, by means of his industrial apparatus, he made as much noise as any other wabster of the last century. In the political world, he was merely a silent observer of the election hubbubs, for which his burgh was so eminently distinguished in days of yore, having never been invested with the franchise, either under the old or new system. In the religious department of society, he created considerable stir and noise, having for many long years occupied the precentor’s desk in the Old Kirk, where he conducted the sacred music, and gave the people line upon line according to the fashion of the good old time. In this he always aided the devotion of the sincere, and sometimes supplied fuel to the fire of waggery that through all ages has been found smouldering even in the kirk itself. Through all the vissicitudes [sic] of the commercial horizon to which this nation has been subjected, Thomas managed to rear a numerous family, and keep himself beyond the pale of starvation by tossing the shuttle, harmonising the kirk, and polishing the cheeks and chins of his fellow mortals who could not perform that duty for themselves. Being a member of a respectable society in Pittenweem, called the Trades’ Box, he in his latter years derived much benefit from the funds thereof, when the infirmities of age began to cramp his energies. We are not aware, now that Thomas has departed from the stage of time, that he has left his equal in age on this coast.
His death was also reported further afield in Dundee:
Death of Thomas Adamson, the patriarch of Pittenweem - This event took place on Saturday morning last, October 3, at ten o'clock. He was born on the 1st of May, 1746, and on the 1st of May last, had completed the extraordinary long life of one hundred years. Mr Adamson was a weaver, and continued to ply the shuttle until within a very few years back. He was what most long livers are, an early riser; six o'clock scarcely ever found him in bed; he was generally up and at work by five. He had a strong clear voice, and was for many years precentor in the parish church. He had a perfect recollection of seeing Paul Jones sail past Pittenweem, on his way to Leith, about 70 years ago, and of the tempest which providentially arose and drove the pirate out of the Firth. He never was what may be called really sick, and never complained of a head-ache. For the last six months he was confined to bed, but felt no pain or sickness. He retained his senses to nearly the last day of his life, and during harvest he was every day inquiring about how far the different farmers had got in their crops. The failure in the potato crop gave him much uneasiness. During the whole of his long life, he was only three weeks absent from Pittenweem. His fortune was not chequered with ups and downs; he always continued to plod away at work. Perhaps the most remarkable event in his whole life was the meeting which was held in the Town Hall on the 1st of May last, in commemoration of his having on that day completed his hundredth year. His body was laid in Pittenweem Church-yard on Wednesday last, and the attendance at his funeral was numerous and respectable.
The Dundee obituary adds a few more details, such as his recollection of seeing John Paul Jones and his flotilla in the Firth of Forth (this would have been in August 1779), and the fact that he'd only spent three weeks out of Pittenweem in his entire life. This obituary - possibly reprinted from one of the other Fife papers - was reproduced more or less verbatim in M F Conolly's Supplement to his Biographical Dictionary of Eminent Men of Fife some twenty years later.
Our third centenarian was the daughter of a soldier, apparently born in Edinburgh Castle. Her death was reported in Dumfries, where she'd lived most of her life: At Maxwelltown, on the night of Sabbath last, Catherine M’Donald or Hutchison, at the extraordinary age of one hundred and four years. She was born in the castle of Edinburgh early in the ’45, a year memorable for the last attempt of the Stuart family to regain the throne which they had so long tilled. Her father, a private soldier, was stationed in the garrison at the time, and being ordered to repair to Dumfries, brought his daughter along with him. Soon after her father obtained his discharge, and with his wife and child settled in the Brig-end, and thus became one of the early colonists of the now thriving burgh of Maxwelltown. Here Catherine, best known as Mattie Hutchison, resided as girl, wife, and widow, for a hundred and three years, during which she lived under seven British Sovereigns. Through her long life she conducted herself with propriety, and showed great respect for the ordinances of religion. She was somewhat eccentric in her manners, and her dress to the last was of the primitive cut, fashionable eighty or ninety years ago. She was a little deaf, but with this exception, retained the full use of her faculties up till the day of her death. She was a widow for thirty years, and had one son, who died a few years before her. Latterly she was partly dependent for her support upon parish aid, but the path of life’s decline was smoothed by the benevolence of several charitable ladies, who were very attentive to the grateful centenarian.
Once again, her age was considered sufficiently newsworthy to be reported further afield, this time in Dundee:
Death of a centenarian - On Sunday night last, Catherine M'Donald or Hutchison, residing in Corbelly Hill, Maxwelltown, departed this life, in the one hundred and fourth year of her age. She was born in Edinburgh Castle in the early part of 1745, when her father, a private soldier, was stationed with his regiment. Part of the force was ordered to Dumfries at the time of its occupation by Prince Charles Stuart in the ill-fated rebellion of the '45. Catherine, then a child at the breast, was brought by her parents to this town, and her father, having obtained his discharge, settled at the Brig-end, in which, now become the burgh of Maxwelltown, she has resided, girl and woman, for fully one hundred and three years. She wore her dress in the same fashion which prevailed when she was a young woman, and indeed, in all things was a thorough Conservative. With the exception of a slight deafness she preserved her faculties unclouded to the very last. Dumfries Herald.
Catherine appears to have had two children with her husband William Hutchison - Martha baptised 8 August 1784, and Thomas baptised 2 July 1787, both in Troqueer parish. The first obituary suggested she had been at least partly dependent on support from the parish. A quick look at the 1841 census for Troqueer shows Catherine living at Corberry Hill aged 100, where she is described as a pauper.
Records of some of the payments from the parish that Catherine received are recorded in the Troqueer Kirk Session Accounts (NRS Reference CH2/1036/20):
Our final centenarian was evidently another local character in Edinburgh. His death was recorded in the Caledonian Mercury:
On the 16th current, in the Old Fleshmarket Close, Canongate, William Wilson, commonly called Mortar Willie, at the advanced age of 106 years. He was taken from the plough in the rebellion of 1745, to serve in the Royal army, where he remained for several years. After being on the Continent he came home to this country, where he has since been employed in the capacity of druggist-man, 40 years of that time in this town. He has left an infirm old widow, aged 73, to whom he has been married 50 years, in very poor circumstances.
Mortar Willie's death was widely reported - in the Scots Magazine, in The Examiner, printed in London, and even in the Taunton Courier and Western Advertiser on August 10. He was also described in Kay's Portraits:
William Wilson, or Mortar Willie Strictly speaking, there is a difference between genealogy and family history. Genealogy is the study of ancestry, of biological relationships. Family history on the other hand is about people, and their stories. One of the best sources for family history stories is historical newspapers. The first newspaper is generally considered to be the Relation aller Fürnemmen und gedenckwürdigen Historien produced in Strasbourg in 1605. It was another 55 years before the appearance of the first Scottish newspaper, the Mercurius Caledonius, although it only ran for 12 issues before closing in 1661. Newspaper production really took off in Scotland in the 18th century with the first appearance of the Edinburgh Courant in February 1705. Newspapers have continued in Scotland since then. The oldest daily newspaper in Scotland still in print is the Press and Journal, originally published as a weekly newspaper under the name of the Aberdeen Journal in 1748. The name is perhaps slightly misleading, as it always covered national and international news, albeit with a strong local element. While newspapers may sometimes be useful for genealogy, they are often much more useful for family history. In the Aberdeen Journal of 21 July 1800 is the following short, but horrific, story: We hear from Buchan, that on Sunday the 29th ult. Margaret Keith, in Auchtydonald, was barbarously murdered. She was seen that morning with a man to whom she was supposed with child, who decoyed her to the river Ugie, and threw her in. she was scrambling to the other side, when the villain went across by a small bridge a little higher up, and ere she could reach the brink, he knocked her on the head by repeated blows of a bludgeon, when she sunk and perished. The murderer immediately absconded. The next issue of the Journal contained the following, to modern readers rather bizarre, poem, entitled "On the melancholy death of Margaret Keith, a widow in Auchtydonald in the parish of Longside, who was barbarously murdered on Sunday, 29th June, 1800" O’er scenes of woe, where common griefs prevail Newspapers not infrequently published poems from their readers, although this particular example is longer and a little more morbid than most. But as well as news, newspapers carried adverts to cover their costs. The next issue of the Aberdeen Journal carried the following: A Reward Offered Clearly the advert had the desired effect, because 4 weeks later, we can read the following: Aberdeen Three weeks later, the Journal reports - disappointingly briefly - on the trial before the Circuit Court Aberdeen The next issue is even more sparing with regards to the verdict: Aberdeen The same issue also includes an appeal for the three orphan children of the victim, Margaret Keith. It having been suggested, that a small fund should be established for the future support of the THREE ORPHAN CHILDREN of the late Margaret Keith, in Auchtydonald, who was recently found murdered in the Water of Ugie – the smallest sum, for this purpose, will be thankfully received at Mr Ewen’s, Castlestreet. We have some more details of the case, courtesy of James Bruce in his Black Kalendar of Aberdeen published in 1840: James Carle Of course not all newspaper stories will be so dramatic, or tragic. The same issue of the Aberdeen Journal that carried the long reader's poem about this terrible murder, also contained the following snippet: Marriage – At Fintray the 21st cur. Ann Ferguson, after a courtship of ten days, presented herself before the Altar of Hymen, and gave her hand to Robert Porter. The age of this venerable and happy pair amounts to about 150 years. So large was the company who honoured them with their presence, that it was judged expedient for the clergyman to perform the ceremony in the Grand Temple of Nature. That the scene of festivity might not be too soon interrupted by Sunday, the marriage was solemnized on Monday afternoon. In the evening there was an elegant ball, attended by many Ladies of the first rank in that corner of the country. From one family were present no fewer than 30 persons. An assembly so numerous, so chearful, and so elegant, has not been remembered at Fintray for 50 years past. In times of war and austerity, governments need to raise funds somehow. That hasn't changed in the 215 years since this advert was placed in the 7th April 1800 issue of The Aberdeen Journal: HAIR POWDER TAX Stamp Office, Edinburgh, March 25 1800 The HEAD DISTRIBUTOR of his MAJESTY’S STAMP DUTIES in NORTH BRITAIN, in pursuance of “An Act for granting to his Majesty a Duty on Certificates issued for using Hair Powder”, hereby gives notice to every Person using or wearing Hair Powder, that they will receive Certificates for the ensuing year, from 5th April 1800 to 5th April 1801, at the following places, viz. HEAD OFFICE AT EDINBURGH 1. DUNDEE Dundee John Alison 2. ABERDEEN Aberdeen Auldjo and Williamson Banff Thomas Ogilvie Stonehaven Charles Munro Oldmeldrum Thomas Simpson Huntly Alexander Stewart Peterhead John Dallachy Fraserburgh John Wallace Keith George Brander 3. TAIN Tain John Barclay Dingwall Patrick Hay Cromarty Walter Ross Fortrose Robert Mackid 4. PERTH Perth James Chalmers Alyth William Chalmers Blairgowrie George Brown Culross Alexander Masterton Dunkeld James Inches Dunblane James Finlayson Downe William Young Longforgan William Muir Gartmore Peter Gordon Errol Walter Macfarlane Kenmore Mrs McIntyre Kincardine Robert Rentoul Crief James Glass Callander Gilbert McEwan 5. HADDINGTON Haddington Hay Donaldson Dunbar Thomas Diddep Tranent David Aiken Gifford Robert Paterson North Berwick Mrs Oliver Stenton John Begbie Linton Alexander Brown Prestonpans David Thomson 6. BRECHIN Brechin Colin Gillies 7. INVERNESS Inverness Thomas Gilzean Fort William Duncan M’Intyre jun 8. INVERARAY Inveraray Edward Hall Oban John Bayne 9. AYR Ayr John Hamilton Irvine Robert Tod jun Kilmarnock John Wilson, surgeon; J and P Wilson, stationers Saltcoats Daniel Dow Maybole William Niven Girvan William Brown & Co Ballantrae John M’Whirter Beith William Dunn Stewarton Andrew Brown Mauchline William Millar Ochiltree David Kirkland Cumnock James Kirkland 10. NAIRN Nairn Alexander Hay Forres Thomas Eddie Elgin George Spark 11. LERWICK, SHETLAND Lerwick Francis Heddell 12. DUNSE Dunse James Home Lauder Robert Romanes Eyemouth James Edgar Coldstream William Air Greenlaw Peter Hogg Earlstoun William Hogg 13. PEEBLES Peebles William Laidlaw Selkirk Andrew Henderson Galashiels William Craig 14. DORNOCK Dornock Hugh Leslie 15. CUPAR FIFE Cupar Fife James Lumsdaine Dunfermline Miss Russel Inverkeithing Henry Arnot Burntisland David Knox Kirkcaldy John Ford Fife Thomas Archibald Anstruther William Cockburn St Andrews Alexander Fraser Kinghorn John Hutton Falkland Thomas Kennedy Leven Mrs Scott Kinross John Skelton 16. JEDBURGH Jedburgh John Lang Kelso Robert Bruce Melrose John Mercer Hawick John Oliver 17. CAMPBELTOWN Campbeltown Duncan M’Callum 18. GLASGOW Glasgow William Mure; Alexander Robertson Lanark Robert Newbigging Hamilton William Hamilton Paisley James Orr Greenock Robert Barr Port Glasgow J and D King Dumbarton John M’Aulay Rothsay, Bute John Bain 19. FORFAR Forfar Peter Ranken Cupar Angus George Brown Kirriemuir James Shepherd 20. KIRKWALL, ORKNEY Kirkwall James Riddoch 21. THURSO Thurso Donald Robison 22. DUMFRIES Dumfries John Sime Sanquhar Robert Whigham Moffat Alexander Craig Lockerby Mrs Janet Dalton Ecclefechan Mrs Janet Kerr Langholm John Graham Annan John Forrest Castle Douglas George Cameron Kirkcudbrigh Thomas M’Millan Gatehouse Anthony M’Nish Newton Douglas James Carson Stranraer Robert Bryce; Patrick Taylor Wigton Alexander Burton Whithorn James M’millan 23. LINLITHGOW Linlithgow James Taylor Queensferry Robert Murray Borrowstownness Henry Rymer Bathgate Robert Mochrie 24. MONTROSE Montrose Charles Thomson Arbroath John Colvill Bervie David Gavin Laurencekirk John Scott 25. STIRLING Stirling Thomas Wingate Alloa William Mackie Falkirk John Burns At all which places the persons applying for said certificates will be furnished, gratis with the printed forms of the entry required by the act, to be filled up in writing, and delivered in previously to the issuing of said certificate. And to prevent mistakes, the Public are hereby apprised, That a duty of One Pound One Shilling only is to be paid for each certificate, which sum will be expressed by a Stamp on the same; and that no more is to be demanded of any person, upon taking out a Certificate for using or wearing Hair Powder, upon any pretence whatever, except when there are more than two unmarried Daughters in a Family; in which case a Double Certificate, stamped with TWO STAMPS of One Pound One Shilling each, is required to be taken out by the Father or Mother for such unmarried daughters. Daily attendance will be given at the above Offices, for one kalendar month, from Monday the 31st of March ult from ten o’clock forenoon till three afternoon, Saturdays excepted. ALEX MENZIES, Head Distributor and Collector, North Britain N.B. Every person using or wearing Hair Powder, without taking out a Certificate, forfeits TWENTY POUNDS. All persons in arrear of this tax are immediately required to pay up the same; and informations are received by the Solicitor, and suitable rewards given. Alphabetical lists are regularly made up, and kept open for the inspection of all persons desiring the same. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE ABOVE TAX Clergymen not possessed of an annual income of 100l whether arising from ecclesiastical preferment or otherwise; Subalterns or Non-commissioned Officers, or Private Men, belonging to any regiment in the Army, Artillery, Division of Marines, Corps of Engineers, or Fencible Corps; Officers in his Majesty’s Navy under the rank of Commanders; Officers or Privates in any corps of Yeomanry or Volunteers, either cavalry or infantry. |
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